Amandla kunye nokungaguquguquki kwizicelo zemveliso
Iisilinda ze-hydraulic cylind zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezingenamashishini, zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nokuqalisa. Ezi zixhobo zomeleleyo ziyakwazi ukwenza amandla amakhulu, zibenza ukuba zibe nokungabonakali kumacandelo ngamacandelo ohlukeneyo njengokwakha, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhamba. Kweli nqaku, siya kuphonononga izinto, ukusebenza, izicelo kunye nezibonelelo ze-thydraulic cyraulic, ukuphalaza indima yabo ebalulekileyo kwimizi mveliso yanamhlanje.
1. Intshayelelo
Iisilinda ze-hydraulic cylinds zingabasebenzi boomatshini eziguqula amandla e-hydraulic kwi-intanethi. Ziqukethe i-barrel ye-cylindrical, iPiston, piston rod, kunye ne-hydraulic fluid. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokusekwe kwimithetho-siseko yomthetho kaPascal, echaza ukuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu ludluliselwe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela.
2. Yintoni i-cydraulicy cylinder?
Isilinda se-hydraulic sisixhobo somatshini esisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla omgca kunye nokuhamba ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Iguqula amandla avela kulwelo oluvavanyiweyo kumsebenzi woomatshini, onika intshukumo yemithwalo enzima ngokulula. Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi koomatshini, izixhobo, kunye nezithuthi apho amagunya alawulwayo kunye nentshukumo ziyafuneka.
3. Isebenza njani i-hydraulicter?
I-chydraulic cylinder isebenza usebenzisa amandla aphethwe ngulwelo oluvavanyiweyo, ngokweoyile yeoyile okanye i-hydraulic fluid. Xa ulwelo lwe-hydraulic luphoswe kwi-cylinder, ityhala i-piston, eya kuthi ishukumise i-piston rod. Lo mgca wokuntywila uvelisa amandla ayimfuneko kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokulawula ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic fluid, isantya kunye nokunyanzelwa kombutho we-cylinde kunokuba kulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.
4. Inxalenye ye-cydraulic cylinder
Isilinda se-hydraulic sinezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
a) I-Sylinder Barrel: I-Cylinder Barrel isebenza njengokuqulunqa kwangaphandle kwesilinda, ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nenkxaso yezindlu ezinye izinto.
b) IPiston: IPiston: I-Piston: I-Piston: Umahlula isilinda ukuya kumagumbi amabini, evumela amanzi amdaka ukuba enze icala kwelinye ixesha.
c) I-Piston Rod: I-Piston Rod inxibelelanisa i-piston kumthwalo oshukunyisiweyo kwaye idlulisela amandla aveliswa yi-hydraulic fluid.
d) Amatywina: Amatywina aqinisekileyo yokusebenza ngokuqinileyo kunye nokuvuza ngokungxama kwe-hydraulic cylind ngokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi phakathi kwepiston kunye nodonga lwesilinda.
e) Ulwelo lwe-hydraulic: I-chydraulic fluid, i-oyile idla, ihambisa amandla kunye nentshukumo ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Ikwasebenza njengokotha ukunciphisa ukuxabana nobushushu obufunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza.
I-5. Iindidi ze-hydraulic cylinds
Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zeza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zenzelwe iZicelo ezithile:
A) Iisilinda ezibasebenzayo: I-cylinds esebenzayo enye isebenza ngendlela enye kuphela, nokuba kukutyhala okanye ukutsala umthwalo.
b) Iisilinda ezisebenza kabini: Iisilinda ezihamba kabini ziyakwazi ukusebenzela amandla kuzo zombini iindlela. Basebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic lokwandisa kwaye babuyise i-piston rod.
c) Iisilinda ze-telescopic: Iisilinda ze-telescopic ziquka amanqanaba anemigangatho emininzi, evumela ukubetha ixesha elide ngelixa ugcina uyilo lwendlela. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinendawo encinci.
d) Iisilinda ze-plungder: I-plinging cylinders ibonisa iPiston kunye nobubanzi obukhulu, ukubonelela ngemveliso ephezulu. Ziqhelekile zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinzima.
e) Iisilinda zedylinds: IiCllinds ze-Weldindind zakhiwe ngokuvelisa i-chels yokuphela kunye nesilinda
6. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydraulic cylinds
Ukusetyenziswa kweesilinda ze-hydraulic kwenza ukuba balungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo:
I-A) Izixhobo zokwakha: Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini wokwakha ezifana ne-Excavavators, iiBulldozers, kunye neeKhulu. Banika amandla afunekayo ukuphakamisa, ukumba, kunye nokuhambisa izixhobo ezinzima.
b) Oomatshini bokwenza: iisilinda ze-hydraulic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zemveliso, kubandakanya oomatshini bokubumba, izixhobo zentsimbi, kunye nokuzenzekelayo kwendibano. Benza ukuba intshukumo ichanekile kwaye ilawule ilawule igalelo elifanelekileyo.
c) Oomatshini kwezoLimo: Iisilinda zezolimo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo zezolimo ezinje ngeetrektara, abavuni kunye neenkqubo zonkcenkceshelo. Baqhuba imisebenzi enjengokuphakamisa, ukwehlisa, kunye nokuthoba izixhobo zokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
d) Ukuhamba kunye nezixhobo zeselula: Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezithuthi kunye nezixhobo zeselula, kubandakanya oomatshini bokushicilela, kubandakanya i-hydddrausiss, iifolokhwe, kunye neelori. Benza ukuphatha ngezinto, ukuqhuba, kunye nokuphakamisa amandla.
e) Ubunjineli boburhulumente kunye nezibonelelo: Iisilinda ze-Hydraulic ziqeshwa kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli bobunjineli boluntu ezinjengeebhulorho, amadama, kunye nezitshixo. Babonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko ukuphakamisa okunzima, ukubeka, kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lokwakha.
7. Izibonelelo zee-cydraulicys
Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zinika izibonelelo ezininzi kwezinye iinkqubo zophando:
I-A) Iziphumo eziphambili zokuphuhlisa: Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zinokuvelisa amandla amakhulu, zisenza ukuba zilungele ukuphakamisa, ukutyhala, okanye ukukhupha imithwalo enzima.
b) Ulawulo oluchanekileyo
c) Ukuhamba ngeenyawo: Inani lokuhamba kwee-hydraulic linokwenziwa ukuze lihambelane nezicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezinokukhetha ubungakanani bobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ubude obude, kunye nokunyanzela izitayile.
d) Uyilo lwe-compact: i-hydraulic cylinds inokuhambisa amandla amakhulu ngelixa igcina imeko ye-compact, ivumela ukuba bafumane indawo eqinileyo.
e) Ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka: Ukunyaniseka: Iisilinda ze-hydraulic zakhiwe ukumelana neendawo ezinobunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.
I-8. Izinto zokuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha isilinda se-hydraulic
Xa ukhetha isilinda se-hydraulic yesilinda esithile, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezininzi:
Umthamo womthwalo: Chonga umthwalo ophezulu ofuna isilinda se-hydraulic sisekele ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokusebenza nzima.
b) Ubude obuStroke
c) Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo: Vavanya uxinzelelo lokusebenza olufunekayo lwesicelo kwaye ukhethe isilinda esinokuthi sisingise ingcinezelo ngokukhuselekileyo.
d) Isitayile sokuphakama: Khetha isitayile sokuphakamisa esilungele isicelo, njengeflethi engaphambili, i-pivot ngasemva, okanye ecaleni kwamacala amathandathu.
e) Iimeko zendalo esingqongileyo: Cinga ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo apho isilinda siya kusebenza khona, kubandakanya iqondo lokushisa, ukufuma, kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali okanye ukungcola.
I-9. Ukugcinwa kunye nokukhathalela i-hydraulic cylinds
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obude be-hydraulicys, ukulungiswa rhoqo kubalulekile:
I-A) Uvavanyo: Jonga rhoqo i-cydraulic cylinder yeempawu zokunxiba, ukuvuza, okanye ukonakala. Faka endaweni yazo iitywina okanye izinto ezingathandekiyo ngokukhawuleza.
b) I-Lubrictation: I-Libricte efanelekileyo i-hydraulic cylinder usebenzisa amanzi okanye ioyile. Oku kuncitshiswa ukuxabana nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugxeka.
c) Ukucoca: Gcina i-cydraulic cylinder icocekile kwaye ingena kumdaka, inkunkuma, okanye ingcoliseko enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokucoca kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima.
d) Ulondolozo lokuthintela: Ukumiliselwa kweshedyuli yolondolozo yokuthintela ukulungisa imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ibe ziingxaki ezinkulu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhangela nokuqinisa unxibelelwano, ukuhlola ii-hoses kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokuqinisekisa amanqanaba afanelekileyo.
e) Uqeqesho kunye noKwazisa nge-Operator: Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho kubaqhubi ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nokugcinwa kwe-chydraulicys. Gxininisa ukubaluleka kwesikhokelo esilandelayo sezokhuseleko kwaye unike ingxelo ngayo nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
I-10. Imiba eqhelekileyo kunye nokucocwa kwengxaki
Ngelixa iisilinda ze-hydraulic zelokuba imiba ethembekileyo nenokuthenjwa, inokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye iingxaki kunye namanyathelo acombulula ingxaki:
a) Ukuvuza: Ukuba kukho ukuvuza kukalwelo kwi-cylinder, hlola amatywina kwaye uthathetele amatywina okanye onxunguphalo. Jonga unxibelelwano oluzimeleyo kwaye uqinisekise ngokuqinileyo.
b) Ukuhamba kancinci okanye ukungakhathali Ukucoca okanye ukutshintshwa kweefayile zefilitha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ulwelo lwe-hydraulic likwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
c) Ubushushu obugqithisileyo: Ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwi-hydraulic cylinder inokubonisa ingxaki ngamanqanaba abenzi, ungcoliseko, okanye ukugcwala kwenkqubo. Jonga amanqanaba olwelo, hlola ungcoliseko, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isilinda singagcwaliswanga.
d) Ingxolo engaqhelekanga okanye i-victions: Ingxolo engaqhelekanga okanye iidrafti zinokubonisa izinto ezikhululekileyo okanye amalungu anxibileyo. Vavanya kunye nokuqinisa unxibelelwano, kwaye ubeke ezinye izinto ezonakeleyo okanye ezinxilisiweyo.
e) Ukunxiba okungalinganiyo: Ukuba kukho impahla engalinganiyo kwi-cylinder yentonga okanye ezinye izinto, inokubonisa ukungalunganga okanye umba wokunyuka. Jonga ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo kwaye wenze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko.
I-11. Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko xa usebenzisa i-hydraulicys
Ukusebenza nge-hydraulic cylind kubandakanya umngcipheko onokubakho. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, landela amanyathelo okhuseleko:
a) Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo: Nikezela ngoqeqesho olupheleleyo kubaqhubi ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo, ulondolozo, kunye nokucocwa kwengxaki ye-hydrauliclers.
b) Izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE): Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi banxiba i-PPE efanelekileyo, kubandakanya iigloves, iiglasi zokhuseleko, kunye nempahla ekhuselayo, ukukhusela iingozi ezinokubakho.
c) Umthamo kunye nemida: Bambelele kumthamo womthwalo kunye nemida echazwe ngumenzi. Ukulayisha kakhulu isilinda kunokukhokelela ekuswelekeni kwezixhobo kunye neengozi.
d) Ukhuseleko lokukhusela: nyusa ngokufanelekileyo i-hydraulic cylinder ukuthintela intshukumo okanye i-spolodgand ngexesha lokusebenza.
e) Uvavanyo rhoqo: Yenza uhlolo rhoqo ukuze uchonge nayiphi na imiba enokubakho okanye imiqondiso yokunxiba. Iidilesi ezikhawulezayo ukuthintela iingozi okanye ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo.
I-12. Abavelisi be-hydraulic bavers kunye neempawu
Kukho abavelisi abaliqela abadumileyo kunye neempawu ezivelisa iisilinda eziphezulu ze-hydraulic. Amanye amagama awaziwa kakuhle kwishishini ibandakanya:
a) I-Bosch Rexroth: I-Bosch Rexroth lumenzi ovunyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela we-hydraulic, ehambisa uluhlu lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
b) IParker Hannifin: IParker Hannifi ingumvelisi okhokelayo wokuhamba nokulawula, kuquka neesilinda ze-hydraulic zidume ngokusebenza nokunyaniseka.
c) I-Eaton: Eaton sisiseko esithembekileyo kwishishini le-hydraulic, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-hydraulicys zenzelwe kumacandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezicelo.
d) I-hydac: i-hydac isebenza kwizinto ze-hydraulic kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanya isilinda i-hydraulicys esaziwa ngokubaluleka kunye nokuqina.
e) Ubunjineli beziseko zophuhliso ze-wipro: Ubunjineli beziseko zophuhliso ze-wipro zibonelela ngeesilinda eziphezulu ze-hydraulic kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso nakwizicelo zeselula, ukupheka kwiimfuno zabathengi ezahlukeneyo.
13. Amaxabiso kunye nokuthenga izinto
Iindleko ze-chydraulicys zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinje ngobungakanani, amandla, kunye nophawu. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela oku kulandelayo xa kuthengwa:
a) Umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka: Khetha uphawu olunokuqiniseka ukuba lwaziwa ngokwenza iisilinda ezinokuthenjwa nezihlala ziqinile, nokuba kuthetha utyalomali oluphezulu kancinci.
b) Iimfuno zesicelo: Qinisekisa ukuba isilinda se-hydraulic ukhetha uhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho ngokwemilinganiselo yomthwalo, ubude obuhlungu, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.
c) Iwaranti kunye nenkxaso: Jonga inkxaso yewaranti kunye nentengiso yasemva kwentengiso enikezwe ngumenzi ukuqinisekisa ngoncedo olukhawulezayo kwimeko yayo nayiphi na imiba okanye inkxalabo.
d) Ixabiso lokuthelekisa: Thelekisa amaxabiso kubathengisi abahlukeneyo kunye nabavelisi ukuze bafumane isivumelwano sokhuphiswano ngaphandle kokulalanisa kumgangatho.
e) Iindleko zexesha elide: Cinga ngolondolozo lwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kweendleko ezinxulumene ne-hydraulic cylinder, kubandakanya nesondlo, indawo ezinokugcinwa, kunye notshintsho.
14. Izifundo zetyala kunye namabali empumelelo
Ukuqonda izicelo ezisebenzayo kunye nezibonelelo ezingama-50-ton hydraulicys, masiphonononge izifundo ezimbalwa:
Iprojekthi yokwakha: Kwiprojekthi enkulu yokwakha, i-50-ton-thydraulic i-chlindinds isetyenziswe kwi-crane yokuphakamisa imithwalo enzima. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye namandla amakhulu e-sylinders yonyusa imveliso kwaye inciphise ixesha elifunekayo lokuphakamisa imisebenzi.
b) Indawo yokuvelisa: Kwindawo yokuvelisa i-AutoMotie, i-50-todraulic cylindinds zadityaniswa kwizixhobo zeNdibano zokucinezela nokwenza izinto zentsimbi. Amandla e-cylinds kunye nokuchaneka kuqinisekiswe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, okukhokelela kwiimveliso ezigqibeleleyo ezigqityiweyo.
I-50-ton ye-hydraulic cylindszizinto ezixabisekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezorhwebo, zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu, ukulawula, kunye nokungabi kakhulu. Ukususela ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni kwezolimo nakwizothutho, ezi zisilinda zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukuphakamisa, intshukumo esebenzayo kunye nemisebenzi efanelekileyo. Ngokuqonda ukusebenza kwazo, iimfuno zolondolozo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngokukhuselekileyo, amashishini anokubopha amandla eesilinda ze-hydraulic ukonyusa imveliso kunye nokufezekisa iziphumo ezibalaseleyo kwimisebenzi yabo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-10-2023333